However, high bacterial loads in rotifers could pose a biosecurity risk. Live-feed is indispensable to commercial fish larviculture. This study supports a potential role for symbiotic Bacillus spp. cultured in tryptone broth, supplemented with KBr, confirmed their ability to produce the brominated precursor to Tyrian purple, tyrindoxyl sulphate. LC–MS analysis of the supernatant and cell pellets from the bromoperoxidase producing Bacillus spp. The two Bacillus species were the only isolates found to have coding sequences for bromoperoxidase enzymes. These included 26 Vibrio spp., two Bacillus spp., one Phaeobacter sp., one Shewanella sp., one Halobacillus sp.
orbita hypobranchial glands, using marine agar, marine agar with hypobranchial gland aqueous extracts, blood agar, thiosulphate citrate bile salts sucrose agar, and cetrimide agar at pH 7.2. In total, 32 bacterial isolates were cultured from D. The ability of bromoperoxidase positive isolates to produce the brominated indole precursor to Tyrian purple was then established by extraction of the culture, and analysis by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS). This study aimed to culture bacterial symbionts from the purple producing hypobranchial gland, and screen the isolates for bromoperoxidase genes using molecular methods. A possible role for symbiotic bacteria in the production of tyrindoxyl sulphate, the precursor to Tyrian purple stored in the Australian species, Dicathais orbita, has been proposed. The biosynthetic origin of Tyrian purple in Muricidae molluscs is not currently known. The secondary metabolite Tyrian purple, also known as shellfish purple and royal purple, is a dye with historical importance for humans. and the presence of bacteria with brominating capabilities in the hypobranchial gland suggest bacteria have a potential role in biosynthesis of Tyrian purple in D. A higher abundance of indole producing Vibrio spp. In comparison to the foot, the hypobranchial gland had significantly lower bacterial diversity and a different community composition, based on taxonomic assignment at the genus level. The dominant bacterial phylum in the 16S rRNA bacterial profiling data set was Proteobacteria followed by Bacteroidetes, Tenericutes and Spirochaetes. This analysis revealed a highly diverse bacterial assemblage associated with the hypobranchial gland and foot tissues of D. Taxonomic and phylogenetic analysis of variable region V1-V3 of 16S rRNA bacterial gene amplicons in QIIME and MEGAN were carried out.
This study aimed to assess the diversity and identity of bacteria associated with the Tyrian purple producing hypobranchial gland, in comparison with foot tissue, using a high-throughput sequencing approach. Dicathais orbita is a marine mollusc recognised for the production of anticancer compounds that are precursors to Tyrian purple.
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